Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.
Identifieur interne : 002831 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 002830; suivant : 002832Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.
Auteurs : Stefanie Kloss [Autriche] ; Franz Zehetner ; Alex Dellantonio ; Raad Hamid ; Franz Ottner ; Volker Liedtke ; Manfred Schwanninger ; Martin H. Gerzabek ; Gerhard SojaSource :
- Journal of environmental quality [ 0047-2425 ]
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Bois (composition chimique), Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (MeSH), Charbon de bois (composition chimique), Diffraction des rayons X (MeSH), Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (MeSH), Incinération (méthodes), Picea (composition chimique), Populus (composition chimique), Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (MeSH), Température (MeSH), Tiges de plante (composition chimique), Triticum (composition chimique), Éléments (MeSH).
- MESH :
- composition chimique : Bois, Charbon de bois, Picea, Populus, Tiges de plante, Triticum.
- méthodes : Incinération.
- Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage, Diffraction des rayons X, Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier, Température, Éléments.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Calorimetry, Differential Scanning (MeSH), Charcoal (chemistry), Elements (MeSH), Incineration (methods), Picea (chemistry), Plant Stems (chemistry), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MeSH), Populus (chemistry), Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (MeSH), Temperature (MeSH), Triticum (chemistry), Wood (chemistry), X-Ray Diffraction (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Charcoal.
- chemistry : Picea, Plant Stems, Populus, Triticum, Wood.
- methods : Incineration.
- Calorimetry, Differential Scanning, Elements, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Temperature, X-Ray Diffraction.
Abstract
Biochars are increasingly used as soil amendment and for C sequestration in soils. The influence of feedstock differences and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics has been widely studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the formation of potentially toxic compounds that remain in the biochars after pyrolysis. We investigated biochars from three feedstocks (wheat straw, poplar wood, and spruce wood) that were slowly pyrolyzed at 400, 460, and 525°C for 5 h (straw) and 10 h (woodchips), respectively. We characterized the biochars' pH, electrical conductivity, elemental composition (by dry combustion and X-ray fluorescence), surface area (by N adsorption), water-extractable major elements, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). We further conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to obtain information on the biochars' molecular characteristics and mineralogical composition. We investigated trace metal content, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, and PAH composition in the biochars. The highest salt (4.92 mS cm) and ash (12.7%) contents were found in straw-derived biochars. The H/C ratios of biochars with highest treatment temperature (HTT) 525°C were 0.46 to 0.40. Surface areas were low but increased (1.8-56 m g) with increasing HTT, whereas CEC decreased (162-52 mmol kg) with increasing HTT. The results of DSC and FTIR suggested a loss of labile, aliphatic compounds during pyrolysis and the formation of more recalcitrant, aromatic constituents. X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated a mineralogical restructuring of biochars with increasing HTT. Water-extractable major and trace elements varied considerably with feedstock composition, with trace elements also affected by HTT. Total PAH contents (sum of EPA 16 PAHs) were highly variable with values up to 33.7 mg kg; irrespective of feedstock type, the composition of PAHs showed increasing dominance of naphthalene with increasing HTT. The results demonstrate that biochars are highly heterogeneous materials that, depending on feedstock and HTT, may be suitable for soil application by contributing to the nutrient status and adding recalcitrant C to the soil but also potentially pose ecotoxicological challenges.
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2011.0070
PubMed: 22751041
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kloss, Stefanie" sort="Kloss, Stefanie" uniqKey="Kloss S" first="Stefanie" last="Kloss">Stefanie Kloss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zehetner, Franz" sort="Zehetner, Franz" uniqKey="Zehetner F" first="Franz" last="Zehetner">Franz Zehetner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dellantonio, Alex" sort="Dellantonio, Alex" uniqKey="Dellantonio A" first="Alex" last="Dellantonio">Alex Dellantonio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamid, Raad" sort="Hamid, Raad" uniqKey="Hamid R" first="Raad" last="Hamid">Raad Hamid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ottner, Franz" sort="Ottner, Franz" uniqKey="Ottner F" first="Franz" last="Ottner">Franz Ottner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liedtke, Volker" sort="Liedtke, Volker" uniqKey="Liedtke V" first="Volker" last="Liedtke">Volker Liedtke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwanninger, Manfred" sort="Schwanninger, Manfred" uniqKey="Schwanninger M" first="Manfred" last="Schwanninger">Manfred Schwanninger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerzabek, Martin H" sort="Gerzabek, Martin H" uniqKey="Gerzabek M" first="Martin H" last="Gerzabek">Martin H. Gerzabek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soja, Gerhard" sort="Soja, Gerhard" uniqKey="Soja G" first="Gerhard" last="Soja">Gerhard Soja</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2012">2012 Jul-Aug</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:22751041</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22751041</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.2134/jeq2011.0070</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">002977</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002977</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">002977</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">002977</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">002977</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kloss, Stefanie" sort="Kloss, Stefanie" uniqKey="Kloss S" first="Stefanie" last="Kloss">Stefanie Kloss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Autriche</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Vienne (Autriche)</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Vienne (Autriche)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zehetner, Franz" sort="Zehetner, Franz" uniqKey="Zehetner F" first="Franz" last="Zehetner">Franz Zehetner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dellantonio, Alex" sort="Dellantonio, Alex" uniqKey="Dellantonio A" first="Alex" last="Dellantonio">Alex Dellantonio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamid, Raad" sort="Hamid, Raad" uniqKey="Hamid R" first="Raad" last="Hamid">Raad Hamid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ottner, Franz" sort="Ottner, Franz" uniqKey="Ottner F" first="Franz" last="Ottner">Franz Ottner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liedtke, Volker" sort="Liedtke, Volker" uniqKey="Liedtke V" first="Volker" last="Liedtke">Volker Liedtke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwanninger, Manfred" sort="Schwanninger, Manfred" uniqKey="Schwanninger M" first="Manfred" last="Schwanninger">Manfred Schwanninger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gerzabek, Martin H" sort="Gerzabek, Martin H" uniqKey="Gerzabek M" first="Martin H" last="Gerzabek">Martin H. Gerzabek</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Soja, Gerhard" sort="Soja, Gerhard" uniqKey="Soja G" first="Gerhard" last="Soja">Gerhard Soja</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of environmental quality</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0047-2425</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Calorimetry, Differential Scanning (MeSH)</term>
<term>Charcoal (chemistry)</term>
<term>Elements (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incineration (methods)</term>
<term>Picea (chemistry)</term>
<term>Plant Stems (chemistry)</term>
<term>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MeSH)</term>
<term>Populus (chemistry)</term>
<term>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (MeSH)</term>
<term>Temperature (MeSH)</term>
<term>Triticum (chemistry)</term>
<term>Wood (chemistry)</term>
<term>X-Ray Diffraction (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bois (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (MeSH)</term>
<term>Charbon de bois (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Diffraction des rayons X (MeSH)</term>
<term>Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Incinération (méthodes)</term>
<term>Picea (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Populus (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (MeSH)</term>
<term>Température (MeSH)</term>
<term>Tiges de plante (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Triticum (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Éléments (MeSH)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Charcoal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Picea</term>
<term>Plant Stems</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
<term>Wood</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bois</term>
<term>Charbon de bois</term>
<term>Picea</term>
<term>Populus</term>
<term>Tiges de plante</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Incineration</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="méthodes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Incinération</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Calorimetry, Differential Scanning</term>
<term>Elements</term>
<term>Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</term>
<term>Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</term>
<term>Temperature</term>
<term>X-Ray Diffraction</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Calorimétrie différentielle à balayage</term>
<term>Diffraction des rayons X</term>
<term>Hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques</term>
<term>Spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier</term>
<term>Température</term>
<term>Éléments</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Biochars are increasingly used as soil amendment and for C sequestration in soils. The influence of feedstock differences and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics has been widely studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the formation of potentially toxic compounds that remain in the biochars after pyrolysis. We investigated biochars from three feedstocks (wheat straw, poplar wood, and spruce wood) that were slowly pyrolyzed at 400, 460, and 525°C for 5 h (straw) and 10 h (woodchips), respectively. We characterized the biochars' pH, electrical conductivity, elemental composition (by dry combustion and X-ray fluorescence), surface area (by N adsorption), water-extractable major elements, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). We further conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to obtain information on the biochars' molecular characteristics and mineralogical composition. We investigated trace metal content, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, and PAH composition in the biochars. The highest salt (4.92 mS cm) and ash (12.7%) contents were found in straw-derived biochars. The H/C ratios of biochars with highest treatment temperature (HTT) 525°C were 0.46 to 0.40. Surface areas were low but increased (1.8-56 m g) with increasing HTT, whereas CEC decreased (162-52 mmol kg) with increasing HTT. The results of DSC and FTIR suggested a loss of labile, aliphatic compounds during pyrolysis and the formation of more recalcitrant, aromatic constituents. X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated a mineralogical restructuring of biochars with increasing HTT. Water-extractable major and trace elements varied considerably with feedstock composition, with trace elements also affected by HTT. Total PAH contents (sum of EPA 16 PAHs) were highly variable with values up to 33.7 mg kg; irrespective of feedstock type, the composition of PAHs showed increasing dominance of naphthalene with increasing HTT. The results demonstrate that biochars are highly heterogeneous materials that, depending on feedstock and HTT, may be suitable for soil application by contributing to the nutrient status and adding recalcitrant C to the soil but also potentially pose ecotoxicological challenges.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">22751041</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2012</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>14</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>25</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0047-2425</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>41</Volume>
<Issue>4</Issue>
<PubDate><MedlineDate>2012 Jul-Aug</MedlineDate>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>Journal of environmental quality</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>J Environ Qual</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>990-1000</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2134/jeq2011.0070</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Biochars are increasingly used as soil amendment and for C sequestration in soils. The influence of feedstock differences and pyrolysis temperature on biochar characteristics has been widely studied. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the formation of potentially toxic compounds that remain in the biochars after pyrolysis. We investigated biochars from three feedstocks (wheat straw, poplar wood, and spruce wood) that were slowly pyrolyzed at 400, 460, and 525°C for 5 h (straw) and 10 h (woodchips), respectively. We characterized the biochars' pH, electrical conductivity, elemental composition (by dry combustion and X-ray fluorescence), surface area (by N adsorption), water-extractable major elements, and cation exchange capacity (CEC). We further conducted differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffractometry to obtain information on the biochars' molecular characteristics and mineralogical composition. We investigated trace metal content, total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content, and PAH composition in the biochars. The highest salt (4.92 mS cm) and ash (12.7%) contents were found in straw-derived biochars. The H/C ratios of biochars with highest treatment temperature (HTT) 525°C were 0.46 to 0.40. Surface areas were low but increased (1.8-56 m g) with increasing HTT, whereas CEC decreased (162-52 mmol kg) with increasing HTT. The results of DSC and FTIR suggested a loss of labile, aliphatic compounds during pyrolysis and the formation of more recalcitrant, aromatic constituents. X-ray diffractometry patterns indicated a mineralogical restructuring of biochars with increasing HTT. Water-extractable major and trace elements varied considerably with feedstock composition, with trace elements also affected by HTT. Total PAH contents (sum of EPA 16 PAHs) were highly variable with values up to 33.7 mg kg; irrespective of feedstock type, the composition of PAHs showed increasing dominance of naphthalene with increasing HTT. The results demonstrate that biochars are highly heterogeneous materials that, depending on feedstock and HTT, may be suitable for soil application by contributing to the nutrient status and adding recalcitrant C to the soil but also potentially pose ecotoxicological challenges.</AbstractText>
<CopyrightInformation>Copyright © by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, Inc.</CopyrightInformation>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kloss</LastName>
<ForeName>Stefanie</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Soil Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zehetner</LastName>
<ForeName>Franz</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dellantonio</LastName>
<ForeName>Alex</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hamid</LastName>
<ForeName>Raad</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ottner</LastName>
<ForeName>Franz</ForeName>
<Initials>F</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liedtke</LastName>
<ForeName>Volker</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Schwanninger</LastName>
<ForeName>Manfred</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gerzabek</LastName>
<ForeName>Martin H</ForeName>
<Initials>MH</Initials>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Soja</LastName>
<ForeName>Gerhard</ForeName>
<Initials>G</Initials>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>J Environ Qual</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>0330666</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>0047-2425</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D004602">Elements</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D011084">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="C540010">biochar</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>16291-96-6</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D002606">Charcoal</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002152" MajorTopicYN="N">Calorimetry, Differential Scanning</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002606" MajorTopicYN="N">Charcoal</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="Y">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004602" MajorTopicYN="N">Elements</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017745" MajorTopicYN="N">Incineration</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000379" MajorTopicYN="Y">methods</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D028222" MajorTopicYN="N">Picea</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018547" MajorTopicYN="Y">Plant Stems</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011084" MajorTopicYN="N">Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D032107" MajorTopicYN="N">Populus</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017550" MajorTopicYN="N">Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013696" MajorTopicYN="Y">Temperature</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014908" MajorTopicYN="N">Triticum</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014934" MajorTopicYN="Y">Wood</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000737" MajorTopicYN="N">chemistry</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014961" MajorTopicYN="N">X-Ray Diffraction</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2012</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>4</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2012</Year>
<Month>7</Month>
<Day>4</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2012</Year>
<Month>8</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22751041</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.2134/jeq2011.0070</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Autriche</li>
</country>
<region><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Vienne (Autriche)</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Dellantonio, Alex" sort="Dellantonio, Alex" uniqKey="Dellantonio A" first="Alex" last="Dellantonio">Alex Dellantonio</name>
<name sortKey="Gerzabek, Martin H" sort="Gerzabek, Martin H" uniqKey="Gerzabek M" first="Martin H" last="Gerzabek">Martin H. Gerzabek</name>
<name sortKey="Hamid, Raad" sort="Hamid, Raad" uniqKey="Hamid R" first="Raad" last="Hamid">Raad Hamid</name>
<name sortKey="Liedtke, Volker" sort="Liedtke, Volker" uniqKey="Liedtke V" first="Volker" last="Liedtke">Volker Liedtke</name>
<name sortKey="Ottner, Franz" sort="Ottner, Franz" uniqKey="Ottner F" first="Franz" last="Ottner">Franz Ottner</name>
<name sortKey="Schwanninger, Manfred" sort="Schwanninger, Manfred" uniqKey="Schwanninger M" first="Manfred" last="Schwanninger">Manfred Schwanninger</name>
<name sortKey="Soja, Gerhard" sort="Soja, Gerhard" uniqKey="Soja G" first="Gerhard" last="Soja">Gerhard Soja</name>
<name sortKey="Zehetner, Franz" sort="Zehetner, Franz" uniqKey="Zehetner F" first="Franz" last="Zehetner">Franz Zehetner</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Autriche"><region name="Vienne (Autriche)"><name sortKey="Kloss, Stefanie" sort="Kloss, Stefanie" uniqKey="Kloss S" first="Stefanie" last="Kloss">Stefanie Kloss</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/PoplarV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002831 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 002831 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Bois |area= PoplarV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= pubmed:22751041 |texte= Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars: effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties. }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:22751041" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PoplarV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.37. |